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Fundamentals of Backend Engineering (Udemy.com)

Understand backend communication design patterns, protocols, execution and proxying

Created by: Hussein Nasser

Last updated July 2026

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What you will learn

  • Learn the fundamentals of backend engineering
  • Backend communication design patterns
  • Understand how backend communication protocols work
  • Comprehend how OS Kernel communicate with Backend Applications
  • Operating System fundamentals (Thread, Process, async IO in linux)
  • Learn HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, HTTP/3
  • Learn gRPC, WebRTC, WebSockets
  • Learn TLS 1.2, TLS 1.3, QUIC 0RTT

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Overall Score : 94 / 100

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Course Description

Backend engineering is an art. During my 18 years career working with and building backend applications, I discovered that certain communication design patterns keep emerging. There are only handful of ways clients communicate with backend applications, although they might be more, I believe the patterns I discuss in this course are the most common. Examples of these patterns are request-response, publish-subscribe, short and long and push.

Based on these communication design patterns, engineers may use a number of protocols for concrete communication. While core transport vehicles are limited to either TCP or UDP, tons of industry specific protocols are built on top of these two to address certain problems and use cases. Examples of these high level protocols are HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, HTTP/3, gRPC, WebRTC and many more. Other transport protocols like QUIC was built on top of UDP to bring HTTP/2 streaming down at the transport level. Each protocol has its pros and cons and fits certain use cases. In the course, I discuss the top common protocols and provide examples and demos where applicable.

Before the client can send a request, it has to establish a connection to the backend. Understanding how the connection is established, and what parts of connection establishment is done at kernel and what parts are done at the backend application process is critical. How the connection is then accepted by the backend application and how it can accept connections as fast as possible so the kernel queue doesn’t get full otherwise clients can no longer connect.

After the connection is established the client sends the request, but what happens exactly in the backend application to read the request? What exactly is a request? Understanding the cost of parsing a request based on the protocol makes the engineer appreciate the work done and equip her with better tools to troubleshoot performance problems or bugs.

Once the request reaches the backend, the application has to execute the request. The backend has a buffet of design choices when it comes to the style of execution it can choose. Understanding the difference between a process and a thread, multi-process, multi-threaded and the correlation to the number of CPU cores or hardware threads is crucial to pick the right execution pattern. One does not have to stick with these patterns but can invent new ones that suits their needs.

This course is designed for engineers who have built backend applications, it is an intermediate — advance level course, certain programming and networking knowledge is required so I recommend taking my fundamentals of network engineering course before taking this course if you don’t have the networking skills. I hope you enjoy this course, and thank you so much for considering it.

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Instructor Details

Hussein Nasser

Early in my career 20 years ago I built database applications without fully grasping their inner mechanics. Facing performance issues, racing conditions bug and even corruption often left me helpless.


I resolved to truly understand the workings of database systems, ensuring I knew every query from my app and its execution in the db and what I choose to make as a transaction and what I make into an atomic query.


From that day I have fascinated by pursuing deep understanding of what is happening behind the scenes in software. If you follow me here you would see deep dive posts about backend, databases and operating systems.


If you enjoy pursing the internals, I think you may like my courses.

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Reviews

4.7

7,702 ratings on Udemy

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By Piyush Sharma on 9/1/2026

Thank you, Hussein, for creating such an insightful course. Your way of explaining backend concepts from the fundamentals and connecting them to real-world engineering has helped me understand what actually happens behind the scenes. I’ve learned a lot about backend architecture, networking, protocols, and system behavior through this course. Your clear and practical teaching style makes complex topics much easier to understand. Really appreciate the effort you’ve put into sharing your knowledge. Thank you!

By Nikhat Mallick on 8/30/2026

He teaches the deep understanding that nobody else on Udemy teaches. This is at the quality standard of a high-level university course. He does go on tangents often, which makes the course longer than it should be and lots of prerequisite knowledge in OS, networking, and databases to a very high level is needed to understand everything he talks about, but overall you will learn the inner workings of a how a server and the internet works.

By Aleksejs Batovs on 6/30/2026

Awesome, detailed and very approachable course (if you have background Hussein mentions in the intro or willing to put some extra work). Thank you for another very useful course, Hussein, your passionate delivery is always a treat!

By Ali Ihsan Elmas on 6/29/2026

This course is a great collection of videos covering many different topics relevant to backend engineers. I watched all of the videos and found them very useful. The only thing I wish it had more of is hands-on labs. At the same time, I understand that this is difficult to provide, because creating meaningful labs would probably require building a working end-to-end application. Overall, it’s a valuable course with a broad range of backend engineering topics.

By Thomas Seelbach on 5/21/2026

I have been watching your YouTube and podcast for 6 months now and made the decision to buy the course. I absolutely love your deep dive into these subjects. We can’t fix something if we don’t know how it works. I share the same mindset hating black boxes. you help unwrap and demystify these lower level abstraction. Keep doing what you’re doing !!! Great content and I enjoy your perspective and personality on you videos. Thank you

By Calin Muresan on 5/6/2026

The course is spot on! And more than this, Naser has a way of explaining things that is out of the box and at the same time easy to grasp even by intermediate level engineers. The course helps you think in other ways than normal and gets you a larger context to the day-to-day "grind" of an engineer. It really is helpful and insightful. Do not go into the course rushed, take your time with it, to digest the whole content, and it will render great results. Thank you!

By Nikolay Babakov on 5/3/2026

I used to be in AI research for the last 5 years and am now gradually migrating to the industry. Lots of words that I have heard many times in meetings, as well as the code where I developed only the AI part, now make much more sense to me. Thanks for the course! One downside is that you may probably want to slightly refactor the structure, because numerous parts seem to be added post hoc and the notation no longer make a solid structure. E.g "ways to https" seem to be a natural part of "Protocols" or "backed execution patterns" seem to be tightly related to proxying. But nothing critical

By Kishor Nanda on 3/29/2026

He is knowledgeable but not presenting in a proper flow, appreciate the knowledge but lack of teaching ability to present in simpler form in a flow that's able to connect the dots...

By Fernando Loures da Silva on 2/19/2026

I believe this course is a great overview of the main backend concepts that developers does not usually pay attention, or even do not understand about them. This is a theoretical and very important course.

By Okooboh Efosa Jeffrey on 2/13/2026

I enjoy the technical depth provided by Hussein Nasser. He doesn't escape any topic. And he exceptionally demystifies each concept, and uses real world examples to even make them easier to relate with. Thank you Hussein Nasser!

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